Updated July 7, 2025 at 2:59 PM EDT
As the death toll rises following catastrophic floods in Central Texas over the holiday weekend, Rep. Joaquin Castro, D-Texas, says officials owe a thorough investigation to find out what went wrong in warning and evacuating residents.
Flash flooding in Texas killed at least 90 people over the Fourth of July weekend, with most reported in Kerr County, about two hours northwest of San Antonio.
Many people in the county live along the Guadalupe River, which rose over 26 feet in 45 minutes early Friday morning when heavy storms started. In the days since, local officials have grappled with tough questions about why people who live along the river were not warned to evacuate.
The National Weather Service (NWS) warned of possible heavy showers on Wednesday and upgraded Thursday to a flood watch, which is when conditions make flooding possible. A flash flood warning, meaning flooding is imminent or happening, wasn't declared until early Friday morning, after nearly a foot of rain had already fallen.
In an interview with Morning Edition, Castro said it's imperative that the NWS be well-staffed and ready to work with local and state agencies in the face of climate change, particularly during emergencies like the one in Central Texas when flash flooding occurred quickly.
"I think we all owe that to the community there. And also, I think we owe that to the people of this country going forward to make sure that we do everything we can to prevent something like this from happening again," Castro said. Earlier this year, the NWS lost almost 600 workers after the Trump administration ordered cuts, which some critics warned would affect emergency preparedness. The agency recently began rehiring after public backlash about staffing cuts.
The local Austin/San Antonio NWS forecast office listed at least six vacancies in recent days.
On Monday, White House press secretary Karoline Leavitt dismissed criticism that the federal response to the floods in Texas has been inadequate due in part to funding cuts.
"Blaming President Trump for these floods is a depraved lie, and it serves no purpose during this time of national mourning," she said.
Castro's district, the western half of San Antonio and Bexar County, is still recovering from flash floods last month that killed 13 people. From his experience, he says Kerr County will need state, federal and private support to recover from the floods
Castro spoke to NPR's Leila Fadel about the floods and the lingering questions about the federal and state response.
The following excerpt has been edited for length and clarity.
Leila Fadel: Just as they did in San Antonio last month, hundreds of first responders have conducted water rescues, they're saving people who are stranded in trees and stuck in swamped vehicles. Are there enough local resources available to recover from disasters like this?
Rep. Joaquin Castro: Kerr County is not the size of Bexar County where San Antonio is or Harris County like Houston. And so the tax base there is much more limited. It's a smaller community. So it's going to be important that both state and federal governments are very helpful and supportive with resources, with money for the community to rebuild, to look at alarm systems, to prevent this from happening again, to look at flood mitigation efforts as well.
It's tragic in both cases. Both cases in San Antonio and in Kerr County were very different. In Kerr County, you had a situation where the river rose and you had structures and housing along the river. In San Antonio, it was a very urban situation where people were basically trapped in their vehicles with rising water in a flash flood very quickly. But it really speaks to the importance of having the resources, including the National Weather Service, to be able to warn people very quickly and move very quickly to combat flash flooding.
Fadel: One of the big questions being posed to local officials, to state officials and to the White House is why people weren't warned earlier. Some of your colleagues in the Senate sent a letter to the president and the secretary of commerce last month, alarmed over the staff reductions at the National Weather Service and what that could mean for emergency preparedness. In your view, did these cuts play a role in preparations and warnings here?
Castro: I think it's too early to know whether in this particular instance it did, but I think there should be a full investigation, not just of any kind of federal failures, but also state and local, obviously. I think we all owe that to the community there. And also, I think we owe that to the people of this country going forward to make sure that we do everything we can to prevent something like this from happening again.
But I think it also speaks to the importance of the National Weather Service, that you have a full and robust staff that can work with state and local agencies to warn people. Because you're dealing with just a short period of time, with a flash flood, where you've got to get the message out to people right away. That means you need the personnel in place, you need the local government helping to warn people, and then you need a way to help people evacuate very quickly. And right now we still have a rescue effort going on, and finding the rest of those people alive, hopefully, is a priority. But after that, in the months to come, I think we owe it to everybody to make sure that there's a thorough investigation of what went wrong.
Fadel: As you know, we're beginning to experience heavier and more extreme rainfalls. What most needs to happen now to try to prevent future loss of life in these weather emergencies?
Castro: We need a strong National Weather Service. We need to strengthen the working relationship between the National Weather Service and state and local governments. We need to improve the warning systems, obviously. And, I know that for many years now, the idea of climate change has become a political one, it's become a very political debate. But these events that were supposed to be a one in a 100 year event or one in a 500 year event have been happening more often. So we have to take that issue seriously and combat it.
This digital article was edited by Obed Manuel. The radio story was edited by Jan Johnson and produced by Vince Pearson.
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